Rather, within the context of renal injury, we suggest that apoptosis and necrosis are not functionally opposed forms of cell death, but rather represent manifestions of death within a spectrum of injury, as put forth by Lieberthal et al.
The increased mitochondrial permeability was shown to be dependent the production of ceramide, since the process was inhibited by fumosin B1, an inhibitor of spingomylinase.
Impaired renal energetics and the role of reactive oxygen species Replenishment of energetic substrates can resolve the early alterations in cell morphology, but irreversible cell damage may ensue if not adequately restored.